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CHAPTER 4 STUDY GUIDES

STUDY GUIDE 4.1, 4.2

LS CHAPTER 4.1, 4.2 HUMAN INHERITANCE AND DISORDERS

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. Trait such as height and skin color that have many different phenotypes are often controlled by a single gene.

____ 2. Sex-linked traits that are controlled by recessive alleles are less likely to show up in males.

____ 3. A male is represented by a square in a pedigree.

____ 4. A doctor can look at the chromosomes of a cell in a karyotype.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 5. What are multiple alleles?

a.	more than two genes that control a trait
b.	three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
c.	three or more chromosomes that determine a trait
d.	more than two codominant genes in a chromosome

____ 6. What controls variations in skin color among humans?

a.	a person’s diet
b.	at least three genes
c.	multiple alleles of a single gene
d.	two alleles of a single gene

____ 7. Which of these human traits is altered by variations in environment?

a.	hairline
b.	height
c.	smile dimples
d.	blood type

____ 8. Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?

a.	XX
b.	YY
c.	XY
d.	either XX or YY

____ 9. What is a pedigree?

a.	a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
b.	a geneticist who studies the inheritance of traits in humans
c.	a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell
d.	an allele passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome

____ 10. Genetic disorders are caused by

a.	pedigrees.
b.	mutations.
c.	dominant alleles.
d.	sickle-shaped cells.

____ 11. Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?

a.	hemophilia
b.	Down syndrome
c.	cystic fibrosis
d.	sickle-cell disease

____ 12. Sex-linked genes are genes on

a.	the X chromosome only.
b.	the Y chromosome only.
c.	the X and Y chromosomes.
d.	all 23 pairs of chromosomes.

____ 13. What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?

a.	Each parent must be colorblind.
b.	Each parent must have the dominant allele for colorblindness.
c.	Each parent must have the recessive allele for colorblindness.
d.	Each parent must have two codominant alleles for colorblindness.

____ 14. Down syndrome most often occurs when

a.	a person inherits a recessive allele.
b.	chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis.
c.	sickle-shaped cells become stuck in blood vessels.
d.	blood fails to clot properly.

____ 15. What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells?

a.	hemophilia
b.	Down syndrome
c.	cystic fibrosis
d.	sickle-cell disease

Completion

Choose the letter that completes each sentence or statement.

A. pedigree

B. hemophilia

C. two

D. chromosome

E. alleles

16. Various combinations of ____________________ at each of several genes control human skin color.

17. A(n) ____________________ is a used to track the occurrence of a trait in a family.

18. A person who has the genetic disorder called ____________________ bleeds easily.

19. Down’s syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra ____________________.

20. A gene is said to have multiple alleles if it has more than ____________________ alleles.

ANSWER SECTION CHAPTER 4.1, 4.2

LS CHAPTER 4.1, 4.2 HUMAN INHERITANCE AND DISORDERS

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. F, many genes

2. F, more

3. T

4. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

5. B

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. C

12. C

13. C

14. B

15. D

COMPLETION

16. E. alleles

17. A. pedigree

18. B. hemophilia

19. D. chromosome

20. C. two

STUDY GUIDE 4.3

LS CHAPTER 4.3 ADVANCES IN GENETICS

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. The technique called cloning produces an organism that is genetically different to its parent.

____ 2. Except for identical twins, all people have the same DNA.

____ 3. The goal of DNA fingerprinting is to prepare an encyclopedia that shows the DNA sequence of every gene.

____ 4. Scientists in the Human Genome Project are working to identify the DNA sequence of every human gene.

____ 5. Hybridization is the process in which breeders cross two genetically different individuals.

____ 6. Inbreeding involves crossing two individuals that have the same or similar sets of alleles.

____ 7. Information from the Human Genome Project may lead to new treatments for genetic disorders and diseases.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 8. Cloning results in two organisms that are

a.	both adult mammals.
b.	produced from cuttings.
c.	genetically similar.
d.	genetically identical.

____ 9. Which of these is an example of the benefits of genetic engineering?

a.	cross-breeding to create disease-resistant crops
b.	creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes
c.	analyzing karyotypes and pedigree charts
d.	growing a new plant from a cutting

____ 10. No two people have the same DNA, except for

a.	crime suspects.
b.	brothers.
c.	sisters.
d.	identical twins.

____ 11. How do police use DNA fingerprinting to help solve crimes?

a.	by proving that a suspect’s blood type matches evidence in a crime
b.	by showing that a suspect’s fingerprints are at a crime scene
c.	by comparing a suspect’s DNA patterns with evidence from a crime scene
d.	by matching phenotypes of suspects with DNA samples

____ 12. What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

a.	to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
b.	to clone every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA
c.	to splice every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA
d.	to inbreed the best genes on every chromosome in human DNA

____ 13. What is a genome?

a.	all the cells produced during meiosis
b.	all the plasmids from splicing DNA in a cell
c.	all the DNA in one cell of an organism
d.	all the karyotypes in a cell

____ 14. Which form of selective breeding crosses genetically different individuals in an attempt to keep the best traits of both parents?

a.	genetic engineering
b.	inbreeding
c.	hybridization
d.	cloning

____ 15. Which form of selective breeding crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles?

a.	fertilization
b.	inbreeding
c.	hybridization
d.	cloning

Completion

Identify the letter that completes the statement from the list below.

A. genome

B. genetic engineering

C. DNA fingerprinting

D. inbreeding

E. hybridization

16. Breeders use a technique called ____________________ to cross genetically different individuals.

17. A gene from one organism is inserted into the DNA of another organism in the process known as ____________________.

18. ____________________ helps to solve crimes because no two people, except identical twins, have the same DNA.

19. All of the DNA in one cell of an organism is called a(n) ____________________.

20. A selective breeding technique called ____________________ is used to breed purebred dogs.

ANSWER SECTION CHAPTER 4.3

LS CHAPTER 4.3 ADVANCES IN GENETICS

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. F, identical

2. F, different

3. F, the Human Genome Project

4. T

5. T

6. T

7. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

8. D

9. B

10. D

11. C

12. A

13. C

14. C

15. B

COMPLETION

16. E hybridization

17. B genetic engineering

18. C DNA fingerprinting

19. A genome

20. D inbreeding